Enzalutamide is a hormone-therapy medicine for prostate cancer, taken by mouth once a day. It is used when the cancer keeps growing despite testosterone-lowering treatment (castration-resistant disease, with or without spread), for newly diagnosed metastatic disease alongside testosterone-lowering treatment, and for high-risk disease that has returned after surgery or radiotherapy.
Prostate cancer cells grow when testosterone activates their androgen receptor. Enzalutamide is a second-generation anti-androgen: it blocks the receptor far more strongly than older drugs such as bicalutamide, and it also stops the receptor entering the cell nucleus and switching on growth genes. Testosterone-lowering injections are usually continued with it.
Enzalutamide comes as 40 mg capsules or tablets (four a day) and, from some manufacturers, as an oral solution. It is taken with or without food. Tiredness, hot flushes and raised blood pressure are the common side effects; a small risk of seizures means it is used with care in people with a seizure history. It is a prescription-only medicine; a valid prescription must be provided at checkout.